On June 24, 1983, the space shuttle Challenger — carrying America's first woman in space, Sally K. Ride — coasted to a safe landing at Edwards Air Force Base in California.
On this date:
In 1314, the forces of Scotland's King Robert I defeated the English in the Battle of Bannockburn.
In 1509, Henry VIII was crowned king of England; his wife, Catherine of Aragon, was crowned queen consort.
In 1793, the first republican constitution in France was adopted.
In 1813, American clergyman and social reformer Henry Ward Beecher was born in Litchfield, Conn.
In 1908, the 22nd and 24th presidents of the United States, Grover Cleveland, died in Princeton, N.J., at age 71.
In 1940, France signed an armistice with Italy during World War II.
In 1948, Communist forces cut off all land and water routes between West Germany and West Berlin, prompting the western allies to organize the Berlin Airlift. The Republican National Convention, meeting in Philadelphia, nominated New York Gov. Thomas E. Dewey for president.
In 1968, "Resurrection City," a shantytown constructed as part of the Poor People's March on Washington D.C., was closed down by authorities.
In 1973, President Richard Nixon concluded his summit with the visiting leader of the Soviet Union,Leonid Brezhnev, who hailed the talks in an address on American television.
In 1975, 113 people were killed when an Eastern Airlines Boeing 727 crashed while attempting to land during a thunderstorm at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport.
In 1982, a British Airways Boeing 747 lost power in all four engines while passing through volcanic ash generated by Mount Galunggung in Indonesia. (The crew managed to restart the engines and make a safe emergency landing in Jakarta.)
In 1993, David Gelernter, a Yale University computer scientist, was seriously injured by a mail bomb sent from the Unabomber, Theodore Kaczynski.
Ten years ago: Six British soldiers were killed by Iraqis in a police station in southern Iraq and eight were wounded in a nearby ambush. President Vladimir Putin arrived in London on the first state visit to Britain by a Russian leader since the 19th century. A museum-bound Air France Concorde landed in southwestern Germany.
Five years ago: Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe refused to give in to pressure from Africa and the West, saying the world could "shout as loud as they like" but he would not cancel an upcoming runoff election even though his opponent had quit the race. Leonid Hurwicz, who shared the Nobel Prize in economics in 2007, died in Minneapolis at age 90.
One year ago: The Muslim Brotherhood's Mohammed Morsi was declared the winner of Egypt's first free presidential election. New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman announced a settlement that would bring $405 million to victims of Bernard Madoff's historic investment scam.
Today's Birthdays: Actor Al Molinaro is 94. Comedian Jack Carter is 90. Rock singer Arthur Brown is 71. Actress Michele Lee is 71. Actor-director Georg Stanford Brown is 70. Rock musician Jeff Beck is 69. Rock singer Colin Blunstone (The Zombies) is 68. Musician Mick Fleetwood is 66. Actor Peter Weller is 66. Rock musician John Illsley (Dire Straits) is 64. Actress Nancy Allen is 63. Reggae singer Derrick Simpson (Black Uhuru) is 63. Actor Joe Penny is 57. Reggae singer Astro (UB40) is 56. Singer-musician Andy McCluskey (Orchestral Manoevres in the Dark) is 54. Actor Iain Glen (TV: "Game of Thrones"; "Downtown Abbey") is 52. Rock singer Curt Smith is 52. Actress Danielle Spencer is 48. Actress Sherry Stringfield is 46. Singer Glenn Medeiros is 43. Actress-producer Mindy Kaling is 34. Actress Minka Kelly is 33. Actress Kaitlin Cullum is 27. Singer Solange Knowles is 27.
Thought for Today: "There is a way to look at the past. Don't hide from it. It will not catch you if you don't repeat it." — Pearl Bailey, American singer and actress (1918-1990).
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